Basics of C++ with Data Structures and Algorithms

 



Do you want to learn Data Structures and Algorithms in C++ but need help figuring out where to start? If yes, then there is nothing to worry about. DSA with C++ is among the most common combinations programmers go with.


The best way to start Data Structures and Algorithms in C++ is to learn the basics. It means you should know what DSA is, how it works, and what are the essential components of DSA. 


Moreover, it is also essential to know about DSA with C++ as it is often asked in C interview questions.


So, if you also want an introduction to the basics of Data Structures and Algorithms in C++, here is a detailed guide. 


What is DSA?


Let's first start with a question as simple as What is DSA? DSA, or data structures and algorithms, is a part of computer science that deals with the effectiveness of writing programs. DSA comprises two separate entities, but these two are relative to each other. 


  • Data structures

Data structures are containers that contain the data and information of a program. This data is essential for running software, OSes, games, etc. There are various types of data structures with their unique abilities. The most common data structures are arrays, linked lists, queues, etc. 


  • Algorithms

Algorithms are sets of instructions that contain multiple steps. By going through each step individually, an algorithm can do the task it is created to do. For example, a sorting algorithm is designed to sort a given array of numbers in a unique sequence like ascending or descending. 


Components of DSA 


Now that you understand how these two terms are related, let's move on to the components. Data structures and algorithms have various components like variables, arrays, structures, etc. So, you should know these components to understand Data Structures and Algorithms in C++ better. 


Components of Data Structures


  • Variables

Variables store data of many types like numbers, alphabets, symbols, or values like 0 and 1, which stands for true and false. To insert a value in a variable, it is essential to first categorize the variable with the help of a keyword. For example, if you want to store numbers, you can use 'int' or 'float' keywords. Similarly, for true and false values, you must use the keyword 'bool.'


  • Arrays 

Arrays are a widely used data structure in programming because of their incredible abilities. It allows you to insert multiple values of the same data type, such as numbers. Moreover, since an array has a unique address for all the elements, it becomes easier to call, replace, delete, and do other operations. There are multiple types of arrays: one-dimensional arrays, two-dimensional arrays, three-dimensional arrays, and jagged arrays. 


  • Queue

The queue is another data structure that is used to save data. It has a property called first in, first out, or FIFO. Fifo means that the first element in the queue will be accessed first. 


  • Other Data Structures

Apart from arrays, variables, and queues, other data structures like linked lists, trees, and many more exist. These data structures have different properties, like LIFO, which stands for Last In First Out. 


  • Dynamic Memory Allocation

Since memory allocation is integral to effective data structuring, dynamic memory allocation is a crucial component of data structures. Data structures and algorithms in C++ has operators that facilitate dynamic memory allocation. You can use operators like 'Delete' and 'new' to allocate and deallocate memory efficiently. 


  • Oops, concepts in C++

Since C++ is an object-oriented language, the Oops concepts in C++ play an essential role in Data Structures and Algorithms in C++. Inheritance, polymorphism, and data binding are some of the oops concepts in C++ which are necessary for Data Structures and Algorithms in C++. 



Components of Algorithms


Input

Each algorithm starts with input data. C++ provides these data in the form of predefined values or files. Input is essential as it determines the data processed by the algorithm. 


Output

On the basis of input, an algorithm produces results as output. It is essential to define the desired output format. Then, this output can be displayed on the console. 


Control structures

There is a range of control structures provided by C++. It includes conditional statements, loops, and switch statements. The control structures control the flow of algorithms. Additionally, it allows different actions depending on conditions and iterations. 


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